Recommendations to Ford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendations to Ford - Essay Example The organization is a system and thus the processes within it are attentively looked into either in a symptomatic or systematic manner: the latter is likely to provide long lasting solutions. The Ford Company is a multinational automobile manufacturer (Ford 201). It derived its foundation on the need of its founder to provide a car for the ordinary American (Ford 201). Founded in 1903, the company has undergone major strides and setbacks to become one of the leading automotive companies within America and the whole world at large. The first model from Ford was the T-Model that sold almost fifteen million units before the end of production nineteen years later for a cost of $ 950 specifically moving the car industry from being a luxury item to a transportation means for the ordinary citizenry (Bak 200). Henry Ford not only targeted improving his model alone, but also improved the payments he made to all his workers and trimming down the working hours for his employees. This resulted t o the creation of a three shift working regimen and effectively improving mass manufacturing that allowed the revolution of the motor industry. He also came up with the strategy to ensure task specialization by his workers thus improving efficiency in the industry. This made it possible to manufacture affordable cars allowing most Americans to own an automobile resulting to groundbreaking changes in the transport sector that brought about construction of highways and inception of the industrial revolution with the outset of the agrarian revolution. Henry Ford effectively run the company with profit margins amounting to billions of dollars seeing his company go through the economic crisis in 1929 and later the biggest automobile strike in 1941. He then supported the government during World War 1 by supplying the government with submarine chasers, automobiles as well as liberty airplanes. This endeared his company dearly to the administration. Henry made it an obligation to pass

Camera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Camera - Essay Example The high creativity and innovation of new cameras such as smart phones, which have numerous uses apart from taking photographs may lead to the decline of sales and profits reaped by camera companies (Kurtz 79). This indicates that the product has reached the decline stage, and it may become extinct if the innovation of new photo taking gadgets continues. Introduction Stage This is the stage when the product enters the market the first time, and firms reap low sales and profits because they conduct intense marketing to attract customers (Kurtz 30). The camera was first introduced in the market during the proto globalization period that began in the sixteenth century. Human intelligence increased during this period leading to the invention of various objects such as the wheel and the camera. The first camera, known as obscura, took inverted images that were not saved on any material. The object was as big as a house, and it allowed photographs of one person only. The camera had a hole through which light passed and formed inverted images of the objects in front of the gadget. The images taken by the camera were unclear and unattractive. The inventors of the product later developed portable cameras that increased the need for photography in the world (Joanne 65). Image of the first camera obscura (writtenshots.wordpress.com) Image taken using camera obscura (fineartamerica.com) Growth Stage The growth stage is the second phase of product development, which involves increases in sales and profits. Organizations reap higher benefits in this stage than in the introductory phase because of the incoming of new customers. During this stage, new firms begin producing the good so that they can reap the high profits and sales in the industry (Kurtz 84). In the introductory stage of the camera, Kodak was the only company that produced the product. However, new companies such as Nixxon and Sony entered the industry. The growth stage also involves the addition of features to the products to make them more attractive to existing customers. The additional features also help companies in attracting new users, and this enables them to recover they capital they invest in the production of the good. Eastman, the director of Kodak developed the camera by enabling the saving of images in films. The films were of limited length meaning that they would save a limited number of images. Users of the camera went back for film refilling to the companies where they bought the product when the existing space finished. The images saved on the films were also produced by the producing companies when there was no additional space in a film (Joanne 76). This meant that customers would wait for numerous days to view their pictures. The photographs taken using the film cameras were not also clear; although they were better than those of the obscura. The film camera (www.retrothing.com) Image taken using the film camera (www.shootingfilm.net) Instant cameras were also develop ed during the growth stage of the product life cycle. This is the camera that enabled consumers to recover their photographs immediately. Users did not have to wait for days or months to see their photographs like they did with the film camera (Joanne 93). The invention of this camera increased the sales of Kodak and other companies in the industry. This is because they attracted new customers and recovered sales from those who were dissatisfied by the extensive periods taken to produce

Ethnomusicology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethnomusicology - Research Paper Example Despite the social and cultural changes, art remains the most appropriate way of capturing the dynamic cultural features. People use art to depict their cultural features and development with music and dance being among the oldest surviving arts that help portray cultural developments. In the contemporary society, people use music and dance to represent their traditional cultures, which have changed and are thus unique in the modern society as the discussion below portrays. Held in Berlin in 2006, the thunder nations powwow was one such concerts that sought to display various traditional cultures. At the concert, people used music and to represent their traditional cultures a feature that provided an effective platform for evaluating the social and cultural changes throughout the history of the cultures. The discussion below therefore analyses the cultural development by comparing the art of music and dance in some of the traditional cultures displayed at the event. In doing this, the article investigates the dance and musical techniques used in some of the traditional cultures and the vocal variations among other features of music that have evolved alongside the changes in the cultures. The article investigates particular hypothetical features of the cultures portrayed in the music and dances thereby portraying the artistic features the traditionalists used in their music vis-Ã  -vis the features as employed in contemporary music. Among the musical groups that performed at the concert was the Bear claw singers, a traditional Indian musical group based in Dallas Texas. The group performs traditional music with the view of bringing the entire Indian community together. They uphold particular traditional Indian values including the belief that their musical and drum performances are gifts from God that they employ in uniting the Indian community from all over the world. Their songs are therefore spiritual and glorification to their God. The group’s performances

Dilema at Day-Pro Essay Example for Free

Dilema at Day-Pro Essay The crossover point is the rate at which the NPV of the two projects are equal. NPV has a direct relationship between NPV and Economic Value Added. The NPV shows how the shareholders’ wealth would be increased if the project is accepted. The goal of the company is to increase shareholders’ wealth, thus NPV shows the better way in choosing the right decision to achieve their goal. NPV method implicitly assumes that the rate at which cash flows can be reinvested is the cost of capital, whereas the IRR method assumes that the firm can reinvest at the IRR. NPV method is better because it selects the project that adds the most to shareholder wealth. Tim can show that the MIRR is the more realistic measure to use in the case of mutually exclusive contracts by explaining that by using MIRR, they can avoid the multiple IRR problems and at the same time explain that since reinvestment at the cost of capital is generally more correct, the MIRR  which assumes that CFs from all projects are reinvested at the cost of capital rather than on the project’s own IRR (in the case of IRR), is a better indicator of a project’s true profitability. Tim could also state that with the use of MIRR, the company can avoid some conflicts encountered when comparing NPV with IRR. With the use of MIRR, they can minimize the conflict between the two, just like when the two projects being compared have equal size and same life, both NPV and MIRR leads to the same decision. The company can also arrive at the same decision when the two projects being compared have equal size and different life. Using Profitability Index can help in deciding which project to choose because it gives the ratio which allows us to measure the proportion of money returned to money invested. Thus by profitability index, it allows us to compare investment opportunities that requires us different initial investments. The higher profitability index will be chosen because it gives higher possible return in the amount that is to be invested. In short, in the dilemma of Day-pro, Synthetic Resin must be chosen because it gives a higher return in spite of the high initial investment. However, in using this method, the analyst will ignore many factors, such as risk, cost of capital, and liquidity of the project. Thus, the company must consider or decide first on what factor they will base their decision in choosing a project. Being more conservative in revenue projection will give us an idea that the project is less liquid because they projected a longer period of time before the company can earn back the invested amount. Moreover, it also indicates that they considered the possible risks that may occur in the project along the way. The chance of overestimation and underestimation of the project is less possible that make it more realistic. Thus, the Synthetic Resin project is more reliable and accurate. Knowing that the synthetic resin would require extensive and longer time before it could be implemented, it will cause doubt on the part of the Board to choose this  project because it only says that Synthetic Resin project is less liquid compared to epoxy resin and the company will be tied longer to this project before it can regain the invested capital. However, looking at the other side of the coin, synthetic resin gives a higher return in spite of its flaws and its risks. On the other hand, Epoxy Resin seems to be more liquid and less risky and the return of this project is less compared to the Synthetic Resin. As a result, the board might be more attracted to Epoxy Resin. Still, the decision of the board depends on what they give importance or emphasis in choosing a project. And since the Board has a strong preference in using rates or return as its criteria, we would recommend to the Board to choose Synthetic Resin.

Abortion Or Theath Who Knows :: essays research papers

Man''s inhumanity to man is everywhere. I firmly believe that people on this earth should be treated and respected equally. People are all unique. They come from different backgrounds, have different beliefs and ideas, but treating others in such an inhuman way, as the Jewish were in the concentration camps is cruel and should have never happened. I believe that the killing of several million people during the Holocaust could have been prevented by the means of more involvement from the other countries. When German gained great power, many of the countries did not pay attention. Germany started World War II and countries like England and France, knowing quite well the rise in Germany''s power could cause mass destruction wouldn''t do anything about it until it was too late. Countries should have bonded together and stop the horrible torture and killings. Why didn''t the more powerful countries stop Germany sooner? Some countries just didn''t want to get involved until later. Experiencing a slow economy and lack of funds, they didn''t want to get into a costly war, but this lack of quick involvement resulted in tragedy. Preventing this genocide and anti-Semitism, I think would take a lot of work and effort for many of the countries but it would spare so many lives. The other countries should have recognized the threat Germany posed when Germany broke the Treaty of Versailles agreement. Quick action could have saved more than six million lives by stopping Hitler and the Nazi party. After the Holocaust, the people who survived the concentration camps should have received their properties back. Germany should have given the survivors some money so they wouldn''t have to start from ground zero. Why did the people living in Germany allow this to happen? Hitler blamed the Jewish people for the cause of Germany''s problems and the people believed him, electing a government who was trying to destroy an entire race. Germans who were against anti-Semitism should have gathered a political party to fight for the Jews. Some of their friends and neighbors were taken from their homes and forced into a concentration camp. If they had at least tried, they might not live their lives with regret thinking what if they had done something different, and then maybe; just maybe the Jews might not have died. It was not just Hitler and the Nazi''s that treated man inhumanely. It is happening all around the world with cults such as the Ku Klux Klan who killed because of the dislike of another race.

International Relations: Important Theories

Realism makes four basic assumptions about international relations: * The state is the most important actor in international relations. This means that national governments are the most important player in the game of international politics–interest groups like Amnesty International or individual figures like the pope have no effect on how nations relate to one another. * The state is a unitary and rational actor. Unitary means that â€Å"the state speaks with one voice;† although members of a nation may have many different views on the best approach to a situation, only one approach will be enacted. Rational means that the state is capable of â€Å"identifying goals and preferences and determining their relative importance. † * International relations are essential conflictual because of anarchy. In this case, anarchy does not mean chaos–instead it refers to the absence of a higher authority to prevent aggression or arbitrate disputes. Just as men might run amok and attack one another without the government to punish them, nations will attack one another so long as they believe it in their best interest. Anarchy also compels states to arm themseves in order to feel secure. The stockpiling of arms and the building of a military, however, are provocative actions which prompt neighbouring states to feel insecure and build up their own weapons. * Security and strategic issues, known as high politics, dominate the international agenda. This means that states' paramount goal is to maximize their power in the international community, and that they are primarily concerned with military power. An example of a nation operating according to this maxim is North Korea in the early 90s–the downfall of the Soviet Union left them without Communist allies, so they began a nuclear weapons development program and threw out UN observers. They believed that if their government gained nuclear power, it would survive in the international community because other countries would fear them. Liberalism * Liberal international relations theories are based on the idea that humans are PERFECTABLE. In contrast to the greedy man of realism or even he survival man of realism, liberal theories tend to see man as rational as well as learning, striving, and improving over time. Liberals believe in PROGRESS. * Liberals believe that humans can learn to COOPERATE to improve their lives PEACE is seen as a preferred condition and therefore ways should be found to foster peace among states. This allows man to focus on the substantive things that make up the good life: food, art, culture, literature, farming, families. Everything but weapons and the fighting of war. Liberals believe that war stems from INADEQUATE INSTITUTIONS OR MISUNDERSTANDINGS, so we prevent war by crafting better institutions and eliminating the possibility of misunderstanding through education and discussion. * War stems from misery, POVERTY, INEQUALITY. * Liberal approaches often also see man as tied to fellow man by a COMMON HUMANITY. Therefore, the limits imposed by state boundaries are artificial. This leads to ideas such as the pursuit of human rights violators across state boundaries, seeking to engage in development assistance. League of Nations and UN Charters have strains of this type of liberal idealism: making peaceful settlement of disputes a new norm. Overcome past international conflict through institutionalized collective security mechanisms. * Some influential liberal ideas today: INTERDEPENDENCE and the rise of NON-STATE ACTORS. * Interdependence: Economic linkages, communication technologies finally making possible one world with one common humanity. All linked together, can’t go to war without causing hardship to all. This has been developed further in the 1990s to a school of thought which sees globalization as rendering war among major powers as impossible, would impoverish everyone, no one has an incentive to rock the globalization boat. * Rise of non-state actors: new non-state actors becoming more influential than the old states of realist international relations discourse: multinational companies many of which have greater annual turnover than developing countries’ GDPs, new cross-national issue groups: the Greens, Greenpeace, Amnesty International. These corporations and organizations are breaking down the state, establishing common interests across borders. Generally, foster peace. * Also, recently re-in vogue in the liberal camp is the DEMOCRATIC PEACE THESIS, the idea that democracies do not fight one another. * Liberal approaches have fostered much of the growth of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (neo-liberalism with emphasis on institutions). International organizations are seen as ways of mediating conflict among states, establishing bases of cooperation, establishing rational-legalistic codes of conduct under which all will be better off. Some liberal internationalists see the evolution of international organizations, the development of international law, the growth of cross-national civil society groups as evidence that the state is being transgressed, or at least having its capacity for war-generating action reduced. * ANALOGY TO DOMESTIC STATE at international level. As in the domestic state where the government provides some order to relations among citizens, so international organizations (while not a world government) can provide some stability, security, and predictability to inter-state interactions. Can prevent states from being trapped in the SECURITY DILEMMA (need force to protect self, arms build up scares others into thinking you are going to attack, they build up their forces, they scare you, endless cycle of build-up ultimately leading to violence. By making self more secure through arms, make self less secure by compelling arms acquisition on neighbour/rival), can foster and build on areas where cooperation helpful to solve mutual interests, cooperation reinforcing. States can learn through international organizations/cooperation and change their preferences and behaviors. * IRAQ WAR: Liberals would certainly see Saddam Hussein as a problem: authoritarian, had shown proclivity to invade others. Marxism Marxism is one of the basic theories of international relations. According to Marxists, both realism and liberalism/idealism are simply self-serving ideologies introduced by the economic elites to defend and justify global inequality. Instead, Marxists argue, class is the fundamental unit of analysis of international relations, and the international system has been constructed by the upper classes and the wealthiest nations in order to protect and defend their interests. The various Marxist theories of international relations agree that the international state system was constructed by capitalists and therefore serves the interests of wealthy states and corporations, which seek to protect and expand their wealth. According to Marxist theory the â€Å"First World† and â€Å"Third World† are merely components of a larger world system which originated in 16th-century European colonialism. Instead, these states actually make up the â€Å"core† and â€Å"periphery† of the world system — respectively, the central wealthy states which own and chiefly benefit from the mechanisms of production, and the impoverished â€Å"developing† countries which supply most of the human labour and natural resources exploited by the rich. States which do not fit either class, but lie somewhere in the middle of the model, are referred to as â€Å"semi-peripheral. † The core-periphery thesis of world-systems theory is based upon another body of work, dependency theory, which argues that the basis of international politics is the transfer of natural resources from peripheral developing countries to core wealthy states, mostly the Western industrialized democracies. The poor countries of the world, like the poor classes of the world, are said to provide inexpensive human and natural capital, while the wealthy countries' foreign policies are devoted to creating and maintaining this system of inequality. International economic law (such as the World Trade Organization) and other such systems are seen as means by which this is done. To combat these systems of inequality, traditional Marxists and dependency theorists have argued that poor countries should adopt economic control policies that can break them out of the prison of international economic controls, such as import substitution (government assistance to domestic producers and barriers to wealthy international corporations attempting to flood the market with mass-produced imports) rather than the export-based models usually favoured by international economic organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

Computer Virus

Assignment on Public Speaking Assignment topic : Informative speech on â€Å"Computer Viruses† Submitted to : Kanita Ridwana Lecturer Department of English Stamford University Bangladesh. Submitted by : Mir Alim – uz – zaman ID. LLB 04206977 Department of Laws Stamford University Bangladesh Submission date Teacher’s Comment & Signature COMPUTER VIRUS Good afternoon everyone. Hoping all of you are well. This is the time to present my informative speech.For making a Digital Bangladesh, every citizen has to expert user of computer and our authority has to computerize all sections of this country. But the major threat for using a computer is â€Å"virus†. That’s why I have prepared my speech to inform my audience about it. Today I have prepared Four special points for illustrate a virus. a) What is a Virus? b) What Viruses don’t do? c) How does Virus spread? and, d) How to prevent a Virus Invasion? a) What is a Virus: Computer viruses are programs written by â€Å"mean† people.These virus programs are placed into a commonly used program so that program will run the attached virus program as it boots, therefore, it is said that the virus â€Å"infects† the executable file or program. Executable files include Macintosh â€Å"system files† [such as system extensions, INITs and control panels] and application programs [such as word processing programs and spreadsheet programs. ] Viruses work the same ways in Windows or DOS machines by infecting zip or exe files. A virus is inactive until you execute an infected program or application OR start your computer from a disk that has infected system files.Once a virus is active, it loads into your computer's memory and may save itself to your hard drive or copies itself to applications or system files on disks you use. Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer by corrupting programs, deleting files, or even erasing you r entire hard drive. Many viruses do nothing more than display a message or make sounds / verbal comments at a certain time or a programming event after replicating themselves to be picked up by other users one way or another. Other viruses make your computer's system behave erratically or crash frequently.Sadly many people who have problems or frequent crashes using their computers do not realize that they have a virus and live with the inconveniences. Though Viruses are really a threat for all computer users, it cannot be harmful in some points. b) What Viruses don’t do: Computer viruses cannot infect write protected disks or infect written documents. Viruses do not infect compressed files, unless the file was infected prior to the compression. [Compressed files are programs or files with its common characters, etc. removed to take up less space on a disk. Viruses do not infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips; they only infect software. In addition, Ma cintosh viruses do not infect DOS / Window computer software and vice versa. For example, the Melissa virus incident of late 1998 and the ILOVEYOU virus of 2000 worked only on Window based machines and could not operate on Macintosh computers. One further note-> viruses do not necessarily let you know they are present in your machine, even after being destructive. If your computer is not operating properly, it is a good practice to check for viruses with a current â€Å"virus checking† program.Lacking of proper knowledge makes the virus more powerful and it helps to spread it in each file of a computer. c) How does Virus spread: Viruses begin to work and spread when you start up the program or application of which the virus is present. For example, a word processing program that contains a virus will place the virus in memory every time the word processing program is run. Once in memory, one of a number of things can happen. The virus may be programmed to attach to other a pplications, disks or folders. It may infect a network if given the opportunity.Viruses behave in different ways. Some viruses stay active only when the application it is part of is running. Turn the computer off and the virus is inactive. Other viruses will operate every time you turn on your computer after infecting a system file or network. We need to have proper knowledge, and stay safe from a virus. d) How to prevent a Virus invasion: Some tips to prevent virus invasion are given below: I. Load only software from original disks or CD's. Pirated or copied software is always a risk for a virus. II. Execute only programs of which you are familiar as to their origin.Programs sent by email should always be suspicious. III. Computer uploads and â€Å"system configuration† changes should always be performed by the person who is responsible for the computer. Password protection should be employed. IV. Check all shareware and free programs downloaded from on-line services with a virus checking program. V. Purchase a virus program that runs as you boot or work your computer. Up-date it frequently. Finally I hope everyone should be careful about viruses and enjoy a virus free computing. Thank you everyone. *Created by Alim Z Mir (optimist. [email  protected] com)